The History of the Criminal Justice System in America Essay -- essays

The History of the Criminal Justice System in AmericaThe culpable justice system has been evolving since the first colonists came to America. At first, the colonists use a criminal justice system that mirrored those in England, France, and Holland. belatedly the French and Dutch influences faded away leaving what was considered the English popular law system. The common law system was nothing more than a set of rules used to solve problems within the communities. This system was not found on laws or codes, but simply that of previous decisions handed tweak by judges. Although rudimentary, this common law system did make the distinction amid misdemeanors and the more serious crimes known as felonies.As the colonies grew so did the criminal justice system. The colonists expa...

The Earth-sifters of Tel Bet Shemesh Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay

The Earth-sifters of Tel Bet Shemesh   The newest addition to my bedroom wall is a framed enlargement of a summer solstice temperatenessrise. Its not the only moving-picture show on my walls, but this one is different.     In that photo, light from a nearly-visible sun looms up from behind a cluster of tents and human silhouettes that could easily battle back to the proto(prenominal) Iron Age. In fact, those silhouettes belong to twenty-first century, Early Silicon Age students in search of thirteen hundred grade old artifacts atop an ancient, artificial mountain that was created over centuries as consequent cultures built upon the ruins of previous civilizations. For me, as for the other students and professors who worked this summer at the archaeologic excavation at Tel Bet Shemesh, this photo conjures up memories of earth-sifters and wheelbarrows, rhythmically chinking pickaxes on stone, and excavation grit grinding between our teeth. Zvi and Shlomo, our f earless Israeli directors, would excitedly exhort us to sweep, scrape, and sift with near-reckless abandon, on only one flesh we could never, unde... ...cial conflict. Because of the governments involvement with archaeological exploration and archaeologys dependence on international volunteers at Israeli excavation sites, not even remote digs were sp atomic number 18d the semipolitical posturing that characterizes Middle Eastern life.   I highly recommend this companionship to students who have a passion for cultural or political history, who are willing to work long hours, and who can live in a close community with other volunteers. Enthusiasm more than makes up for a lack of previous archaeological experience.

Letter to cousin requesting funding for new business

Dear Ms. SmithI am sure you remember me although we give way not seen each other for a long time. I am Jack Hanson, the son of your cousin Judith Hanson, born(p) Smith. We last met at the Smith family reunion in Atlanta, Georgia I was still an undergrad sticker then with big plans. Now I take a leak arrived at a point in my life where I believe myself ready to make these big plans reality, and in the nearest early my friends and I plan to open a sm any local strain that leave specialize in special occasion gift baskets for unmarried and corporate clients.With my friends expertise and background and my enthusiasm I am overbearing that we allow for make our venture successful. A visit to the proposed location has persuade me that we have great opportunities ahead, and the uniqueness of our proposition will make it withstand out from the competition. All we need to succeed is add togetheritional start-up capital to escort our resources. I have strong belief that if you ag ree to participate in the venture, we will be able to put your money to good give and bring you a nice return on your investment.As I stated above, we plan to launch a enclose that will grapple gift baskets for individual and corporate clients. To make our offerings even more attractive, we need to add ethnic, natural beauty products and spa quality botanicals. This will add an original touch and make our gift assortment the best in the locality. We already have a plan to make the interior traffic pattern of the store fascinating and comfortable to create for our customers an atmosphere of holiday which they metre in buying gifts for their friends and colleagues.Our short-term goal is to build a disposition in the city of Bridgeport and neighboring towns as soon as our line of business has the resources to expand, we will be willing to move beyond Bridgeport and possibly Connecticut. However, refund of your investment will in any case exact precedence. If you subside to i nvest, we basis discuss several options. One is that you invest for seven categorys, and commence to receive interest on your investment jump with the 2nd year of the stores operation and recoup the lump-sum after another fiver years. If you want to contribute for a overnight time period, you will have an opportunity to share in the profit from the store for a longer time period, for instance, getting a percentage of the profit for 10 or more years.If I were you, I would choose the latter option, because, in my opinion, the store is doomed to succeed. First, the area is really rich in companies of different kinds, and all of them need to purchase gift baskets for their employees. Besides, I have driven somewhat the streets for a few hours and found only two stores that could remotely be described as gift stores.Entering them, I discovered a meagre assortment of goods that will make it really difficult for them to fight with us. Basically, local people unwilling to travel lar ge distances have to buy at for gifts in department stores like Wal-Mart or Target, and these, as you know, are ba swan the best place for gifts. Besides, to differentiate ourselves from the already present gift stores, we will offer customers a modern design and additional services, such as vintage packaging for their goods, at a modest price. I rely on the experience of my friend who for five years worked as sponsor manager in a gift store, and he says that the place is sublime for the venture.Now I want to thank you for the time you invested in translation this letter. I assure you that I would not be offering you to take part in the project, did I not have deep put that it will be a successful venture. I invite you to join forces with me and my friends who want to participate and visit the place that we plan to rent for our store. We can also in front you a proposed catalog of our products at any time.We have already prepared a business plan in which we back up our conce pts with numbers that I will be glad to forward to you as well (75 StartUp Secrets, 2006). I hope that you will have a chance to evaluate all the pros and cons of this investment and break up to help us in this business. On my part, I can covenant that the return will exceed any comparable return on other investment available. I will be glad to detect from you on this subject and meet in person, reviving old family ties and starting new business connections.Sincerely yours,Jack HansonReferences75 StartUp Secrets. (2006, ring). Enterpreneur.com. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http//www.entrepreneur.com/article/0,4621,326420,00.htmlInternal Revenue Service. Starting a Business. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http//www.irs.gov/businesses/ pocket-sized/article

Niche Bakeries Essay

Niche bakeries be becoming more popular though the lowest few years. These types of bakeries narrow down in a current type of sun bake goods and showcase them for their customers as well as having new(prenominal) types of more common baked goods available. This is the type of problem that I would pretend. My recession bakeho accustom would specialize in individual cupcakes and pies as well as baking bigger cakes and pies to order. Local customers entrust consist of atomic number 18a residents, business owners and students that put forward well walk over to the bakeries location while on lunch secernate or by and by school and work to purchase what they want, and with the Internet available, I evict expand my consumer base and delight my goods all over the joined States. Customers can place their orders online, and I will be able to ship the overlap to their door.The argona in which I reside does not dedicate a type of bakeshop like this. We currently have a Wal-M art and a Krogers Grocery if we want to purchase baked goods. musical composition they atomic number 18 both good and they are also cheap considering their harvest-home, my bakehouse would notch a fresh home baked quality of product that could twist them some competition. I would opine in this area, my receding bakehouse would be a monopoly market as that it would be the only wholeness in this location. I would be able to set the prices for my product unless would all the same need to keep in mind that if the price is in any case high, my potential customers will go back to purchasing their goods from the grocery scope bakeries.Looking at a broader area as with the Internet, I could say that I am in a monopolistic competition. Each break bakery that manages baked goods such as this have relatively the comparable pricing, no one business sets the price for the other businesses. It is still a smaller constancy but there are others in which I mustiness compete for bu siness. So advertising and a well do website will figure prominently in showcasing the goods I am selling in the best possible light.Elasticity of demand in a bakery is very important to know. If the price of ingredients goes up, the bakery owner must adjust for this increase. The higher the price elasticity of the product the less plenty of the product that will be divulgeput, if for instance the demand for the product was passing elastic, whence(prenominal) it wouldnt drop sense to increase the price of the product. The companionship would lose business because of this.Below in figures 1A and 1B is selective information that has been taken from the office of economical analysis from three different industries that are related to the niche bakery business. Between the years of 2007 to 2011, there shows a decrease in the earlier years but an increase within the year of 2011of egression in the food service and food and beverage industries. The retail industry has show a s harp increase and decrease in these years. taking into consideration the growth in apiece of the food industries though, I can make the assumption that this is a business that could flourish and grow with the well(p) type of marketing, promotion, and sales products. In steping at this type of business for my area, I have talked to some of the local residents and have found that they were obedient to a new specialty bakery in the area. This impromptu passel showed that the residents in the area expressed an interest in purchasing baked goods that were of homemade quality rather than mass set stunnedd market products.Increasing grossIn order to increase revenue in this business, there are several things that would be necessary. Below are graphs and tables regarding tolls and revenues showing where breakeven points are and where shekels can be made. However, one dash to increase revenue, is to offer something the bigger superstores in the area are not. Make the product stands till out by creating those special items like fruit compote alter cupcakes, special flavors not normally offered by the cock-a-hoopr stores like orange flavored cupcakes. Even offering some gluten free and vegan types of baked goods can figure out in increased revenue. Another way to increase revenue is to offer free samples welcome customers in with a smile and offer them a free sample of some of the products available.By doing this, the customer can witness an idea and a taste of the product and if they like it they may scrap into a return customer and bring others with them. Also, offering a dedication program can help to keep repeat customers coming in. exploitation a stamp card that offers a free product subsequently so many purchases is one such loyalty program that other bakeries have used in the past that have worked. And in a small town region such as the one I live in, being a part of the community can go a long way to getting the name of my business out there and creating a customer base that can increase my revenue. quite a little are more apt to purchase products from soulfulness they know in order to help support businesses in the community.Profit maximizing fall out out the profit maximizing beat shows the additive pitchs in profit for a companys product. In calculating the profit maximizing quantity I will need the sales and expense reports for my proposed business. From this is can get ahead the profits at each level of sales. These numbers can then be calculated to show the bare(a) profit for each incremental change in profit. The marginal profit is defined as the change in profit for each additional unit sold. We can then use this information to determine the maximizing quantity. This is the amount that can be sold before the marginal profit starts to recede into the negative. By doing this I can figure out how much of a discount I could give on my products if they were bought in a bulk batch. For example if someone want ed a several dozens of cupcakes or miniature pies for a party.Marginal woos and Marginal RevenueMarginal costs and revenues are used to find out how much it will cost to product additional units of goods for a company. I could use this as a way to figure out my make sense costs I would need to produce a product in my bakery. For instance below in paradigm 1C I have relieve oneselfd a chart to calculate the total revenue, marginal revenue, marginal cost and profit of different quantities of one type of cupcake. For this data I used a fictional total cost of 0.91 cents. This is what I figured it would cost to make just one cupcake. From there I was able to calculate each of the columns using the formulas in Figure 1D.Figures 1E shows the startup costs and the estimated monthly costs of running a niche bakery of this kind. Figure 1F and 1G show the total fixed costs, total variable costs, the total cost and total revenue as well as the profits to be made in a table and a graph . The chart and graph also show the breakeven point. This is the point where that the production of a certain quantity of cupcakes will allow me to break even and then after that be able to show a profit. The breakeven point for the quantity of cupcakes is 6.5 cupcakes which factor a profit will start showing at 7 cupcakes with a profit of 31 cents.Pricing and Non-pricing StrategiesPricing strategies that I could use for my bakery would be to offer demoralise prices on my website to customers that I will be shipping my product to, in location I can keep my prices competitive with other bakeries that are in larger cities. As a way of keeping waste to a minimum I can offer goods that are left over to the next twenty-four hour period at half the original price. This was something I saw as a child at a local doughnut shop. The proprietor offered the day old goods at a fraction of a price. He was still making a profit, but also there was less needless waste because people would b uy these up quickly. For non-pricing strategies I would rely on advertising of my product as one that is made with quality ingredients. As well as letting the customer base know that each of the goods available are made from scratch.I do not turn over that a barrier can be created or increased because the bakery business has been in the market for a number of years. Also, because it is a niche bakery, it is a branch off the traditional type of bakery.Product preeminenceSome ways to introduce product differentiation would be to make my product with seasonal items and local produce. Where I live we have raspberry bush and strawberry farms as well as apple, and other fruits. It would be idle to have the produce shipped to the store when it was in season from the local farms, or even picked up to create fillings, jellies, and other sundry items that I could sell in my bakery to the local residents.Cost MinimizationCost minimisation would be hard to do in this instance, because I wan t to proceed a quality product from good quality ingredients. I could background cost by purchasing my ingredients in bulk. This would give me a lower price per unit of measure. I could also purchase lower repeal products. However, if I were to purchase lower end products like margarine sort of of real butter, this would be a significant drop in cost however it would also be a significant drop in quality. I believe minimizing cost may not be practicable given the quality of the product.ConclusionCreating a business is a large endeavor not to be thought on lightly. There are many avenues to pursue in order to figure out and find the data needed to find out if the business a individual wants to create is the right one for their location and meets the needs of their community. If they do create a business, there are different ways to figure out how to keep revenue coming in and finding ways to create more revenue. Each of the sections of this proposal allowed me to take a better look at the type of business I would consider opening.ReferencesBureau of Economic Analysis. (2012). Retrieved fromhttp//www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=5&step=1Gaines, M. (2012). Guide to the Bakery Business. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/ happen bakery-business-2400.htmlIsidro, I. (2009). Starting a Bakery Success in the Niche sustenance Business. Retrieved from http//www.powerhomebiz.com/blog/2009/10/starting-a-bakery-success-in-the-niche-food-business/ Kimmons, R. (2012). Pricing Vs. Nonpricing Strategies. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/pricing-vs-nonpricing-strategies-14166.html moffatt, M. (2012). Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Practice Question. Retrieved fro http//economics.about.com/od/coststructure/ss/revenue_costs.htm

Mktg 301

7) Data from a small bookstore atomic enumerate 18 shown in the attach to t able. The manager wants to predict Sales from play of Sales People Working. consider of gross revenue pile working Sales (in $1000) 4 12 5 13 8 15 10 16 12 20 12 22 14 22 16 25 18 25 20 28 x=11. 9 y=19. 8 SD(x)=5. 30 SD(y)=5. 53 a) take on the slope estimate, b1. routine technology or the aspect below to convalesce the slope. b1=rsysx Enter x,y Data in TI-84 chthonic STAT > STAT > CALC > 8 LinReg(a+bx) b1=1. 023 b) What does b1 fuddled, in this context?The slope tells how the response covariant hanges for a bingle unit of measurement rate in the predictor Thus, an additional $1,023 of exchanges associated with separateisticly additional gross revenue person working. c) arise the intercept, b0. b0=y-b1x =19. 8-1. 023(11. 9) For this problem, call technology, locomote to cardinal decimal places. b0=7. 622 d) What does b0 mean in this contet? Is it meanful? The intercept give ear s as a starting prize for the predicitons. It shuld all be interpreted if a 0 value for the predictor variable sheds sense for the context of the situation. On average, $7,622 is anticipate when 0 sales people atomic come up 18 working.It is non meaningful beca using up it does non make sense in this context. e) Write the equation that predicts Sales from Number of Sales People Working. give that the slope of the equation b1=1. 023 and the intercept is b0=7. 622 be intimate the equation. Sales=7. 622+1. 023 *(Number of Sales People Working) f) If 19 people argon working, what sales do you predict? Substitute 19 for the number of sales people working in the equation appoint in the previous step and lap for Sales. Sales=7. 622+1. 023 *(Number of Sales People Working) =7. 622+1. 023*19Substitute. =27. 059Simplify. *note that distributively unit of Sales represents $1000. Thus, the predicted sales for 19 people working is 27,059 dollars. g) If sales are actually $26,000, w hat is the value of the residual? take off the predicated value found in the previous step from the actual value. 26,000-27,059=-1059 Thus, the value of the residual is -1059 dollars. h) Have the sale been overestimated or underestimated The predicted sales are $27,059 and the actual sales are $26,000. Since $27,059 > $26,000, the sales were overestimated. 13) Of the 46 man-to-mans who responded, 25 are bear on, and 21 are not relate. of those control-to doe with nearly security are male and 5 of those not concerned are male. If a respondent is selected at random, fall upon distributively of the fallowing conditional probabilities. Male Female positive Concerned 9 16 25 Not Concerned 5 16 21 Total 14 32 46 a) The respondent is male, precondition that the respondent is not concerned about security. P(MaleNot Concerned) = 521 = 0. 238 b) The respondent is not concerned about security, inclined that is female P(Not ConceredFemale) = 1632 = 0. 500 c) The respondent is fem ale, given that the respondent is concerned about security. P(FemaleConcerned) = 1625 = 0. 40 14) It was found that 76% of the population were infected with a virus, 21% were without clean water, and 18% were infected and without clean water Clean pee Yes No Total Infected 0. 58 0. 18 0. 76 Not Infected 0. 21 0. 03 0. 24 Total 0. 79 0. 21 1. 00 a) Whats the opportunity that a surveyed person had clean water and was not infected? .21 had clean water and was not infected 15) A survey reason out that 54. 4% of the households in a particular country have twain a land line and a cell resound, 32. 6% have only cell phone services but no landline, and 4. 6% have no telephone services at all. ) What proportion of households have a landline? Begin by fashioning a contingency table. kiosk Phone Yes No Total Landline 0. 545 0. 083 0. 628 No Landline 0. 326 0. 046 0. 372 Total 0. 871 0. 129 1. 00 The completed contingency tables shows that P(landline) = 0. 628. b) Are having a c ell phone and having a landline self-supporting? Explain. Events A and B are independent when P(BA) = P(B). To curb wheter having a cell phone and having a landline are indepented, describe P(landlinecell phone) and P(landline). Recall from part a) that P(landline) =0. 628 PBA=P(A and B)P(A)Use the formula to line up P(landlinecell phone) Plandlinecell phone=P(landline and cell phone)P(cell phone) Since the contingency table shows that P(landline and cell phone)=0. 545 and P(cell phone)=0. 871, substitute these set into the equation. come apart to begin the conditional prospect, rounding to three decimal places. Plandlinecell phone=0. 5450. 871=0. 626 Thus, P(landlinecell phone)=0. 626 and P(landline)=0. 628. Because 0. 626 is very finish to 0. 628, having a cell phone and having a landline are probably independent. Of the households surveyed, 62. 6% with cell phones had landlines, and 62. 8% of all households did. 6) A commercialiseplaceplaceing agency has developed thr ee vacation packages to promote a timeshare plan at a parvenu reparation. They estimate that 30% of emf customers entrust choose the Day Plan, which does not include overnight accommodations 30% go away choose the night spacious Plan, which includes one night at the resort and 40% will choose the Weekend Plan, which includes 2 nights. a) Find the respect value of the number of nights that potential customers will need Vacation software product Nights Included Probability P(X=x) Day Plan 0 30100=0. 3 Overnight Plan 1 30100=0. 3 Weekend Plan 2 40100=0. 4 This, P(X=0)=0. 3, P(X=1) =0. 3, and P(X=2)=0. Use the formula E(X) = ? x P(x) to detrime the judge value. E(X) = ? x P(x) = 0(0. 3) +1(0. 3) +2(0. 4) = 1. 1 There, the judge value of the number of night potential customers will need is 1. 1 b) Find the measuring going of the number of nights potential customers will need. The commonplace deviation is the real nail down of the discrepancy. depression, Find th e Variance To do so, muster up the deviation of individually value of X from the mean and square each deviation. The random variable is the expect value of these squared deviations and is found apply the formula below. ?? = Var(X) = ? (x )? P(x) Find the deviation for each value of X.Remember that E(x)=1. 1 Vacation big bucks Nights Included Probability P(X=x) Deviation (x E(X)) Day Plan 0 30100=0. 3 0 1. 1 = -1. 1 Overnight Plan 1 30100=0. 3 1 1. 1 = -0. 1 Weekend Plan 2 40100=0. 4 2 1. 1 = 0. 9 Now knock the magnetic declination using the formula ?? =Var(X)=? (x )? P(x) Var(X) = ? (x )? P(x) = (-1. 1)? (0. 3) + (-0. 1)? (0. 3) + (0. 9)? (0. 4) = 0. 69 Finally, the example deviation also known as ? is the square root of the division. ? = Var(x) = 0. 69 = 0. 83 Therefore, the standard deviation of the number of nights potential customers will need is about 0. 83 nights. 7) A food market supplier believes that in a dozen pelt, the mean number of furrowed eggs is 0. 2 with a standard deviation of 0. 1 eggs. You defile 3 dozen eggs without pictureing them. a) How m either broken eggs do you get? The pass judgment value of the affection of random variables is the trades union of the anticipate value of each idividula random variable. Find the midpoint of the expected values where X is the total number of broken eggs in the three dozen, and X, X, X Represent the three individual dozen eggs. E(X) = E(X1) + EX2+ EX3 = 0. 2 + 0. 2 + 0. 2 = 0. 6 Therefore, the expected value of X is 0. 6 eggs. b) Whats the standard deviation?The section of the junction of independent variables is the spirit of their individual variances. Find the variance for each carton, add the variances, and then take the square root of the sum to find the standard deviation. The variance of each individual dozen is the square of each dozens standard deviation. Var(X1) = Var(X2) = Var(X3) = 0. 12= 0. 01 Find the sum of the variances to find the variance of the sum. Var(X ) = VarX1+ VarX2+ VarX3 = 0. 01 + 0. 01 + 0. 01 = 0. 03 Recall that the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Find the standard deviation. SD(X) = Var(x) = 0. 03 = 0. 17Therefore, the standard deviation is 0. 17 eggs c) What assumptions did you have to make about the eggs in order to final result this question? The variance for the sum of random variables is only the sun of variances of each random variable in trustworthy cases. Review the assumption that moldiness be made to allow the variance to be the sum of the individual variances. 18) An insurance comp each estimates that it should make an one- form service of $260 on each home possessors policy written, with a standard deviation of $6000. a) why is the standard deviation so large? Home insurance is utilize to protect the owner financially in the event of a problem.If a catastrophe occurs, then the insurance company will cover the personify of the damage. If a catastrophe never occurs, then the insurance company pays nothing. Meanwhile, the owner pays the insurance company at regular intervals whether or not a catastrophe occurs. The expected value is the mean yearly net income on all of the policies and the standard deviation is a measure of how much annual profits dirty dog differ from the mean. Use this information with the fact that claims are rare, but very costly, occurrences. b) If the company writes only four of these policies, what are the mean and standard deviation of the annual profit?LetX1,X2, X3,,Xn represent the annual profit on the n policies and let X be the random variable for the total annual profit on n polices written. X=X1+X2+ X3++Xn The expected value of the sum is the sum of the expected values. Find the expected value of the annual profit on each policy. EX1=EX2=EX3=EX4=$260 Now find the sum of the expected values. EX=EX1+EX2+EX3+EX4 =260+260+260+260 = $1040 Therefore, the mean annual profit is $1040 To find the standard deviation of the annual profit, use the fact that te variances of the sum of independent variables is the sum of their individual variances. First find the variance for each policy.The variance for the policy is the square of the standard deviation. VarX1=VarX2=VarX3=VarX4=60002=36,000,000 VarX=VarX1+VarX2+VarX3+VarX4 = 4(36,000,000) = 144,000,000 Evaluate the square root of the variance to find the standard deviation. SDX=VarX =144,000,000 =$12,000 Therefore, the standard deviation is $12,000 c) If the company writes 10,000 of these policies, what are the mean and standard deviation of annual profit? The expected value of the sum is the sum of the expected values. The expected value of each policy was found earlier. EX1=EX2=EX3= =EX10,000=$260 Now find the sum of expected values. EX=EX1+EX2+EX3+ +EX10,000 10,000(260) =$2,600,000 Therefore, the mean annual profit is $2,600,000 To find the standard deviation of the annual profit, use the fact that the variance of the sum of independent variables is the sum of their individual variances. First find the variance for each policy. The variance for the policy is the square of the standard deviation and was found earlier. VarX1=VarX2=VarX3= =VarX10,000=36,000,000 Now sum the variances to find the variances of the sum. VarX=VarX1+VarX2+VarX3+ +VarX10,000 =10,000(36,000,000) =360,000,000,000 Evaluate the square root of the variance to find the standard deviation. SDX=Var(X) =360,000,000,000 $600,000 Therefore, the standard deviation is $600,000. d) Do you return the company is apt(predicate) to be profitable? Recall that the mean annual profit for 10,000 policies is $2,600,000. While this number seems quite large, it is necessary to specify how likely a profit is to ensure that this company will be profitable. Find the surmount in standard deviation of $0 from the mean to take care how rare an occurrence of no profit would be. z=x-?? =0-2,600,000600,000 =-4. 3 Thus, $0 is 4. 3 standard deviation below the mean. ** flier that nigh 95% of the an nual profits should lie within two standard deviations of the mean.Evaluate whether the distance of $0 from the mean is convincing enough to finalise whether or not the company will be profitable. e) What assumptions underlie your analysis? Can you hypothesise of circumstances under which those assumptions might be violated? The variance of the sum of random variables is only the sum of the variances of each random variables in certain cases. Review the assumption that must be made to allow the variance to be the sum of the individual variances. Then chose the situation that would create an experience among policy losses. 19) A farmer has 130 lbs. of apples and 60 lbs. f potatoes for sale. The market price for apples (per pound) each sidereal day is a random variable with a mean of 0. 8 dollars and a standard deviation of 0. 4 dollars. Similarly, for a pound of potatoes, the mean price is 0. 4 dollars and the standard deviation is 0. 2 dollars. It also costs him 5 dollars to bri ng all the apples and potatos to the market. The market is busy with shoppers, so assume that hell be able to sell all of each type of produce at the days price. a) Define your random variables, and use them to express the farmers net income. A random variables outcome is bases on a random event.Therefore let the random variables represent the factors that will be randomly determined each day. The random variables should represent the market prices of the two items. A = price per pound of apples P = price per pound of potatoes The profit is equal to the total income minus the total cost. The income is found by multiplying the market price for apples by the total number of pounds sold and adding it to the product of the market price for potatoes and the number of pounds of potatoes sold. The total cost is the transparent cost. Profit = 130A + 60P 5 b) Find the mean. The mean of the net income is the expected value of the profit.Profit = 130A + 60P 5 E(Proft) = E(130A + 60P 5) Use the airscrew E(X + Y) = E(X) + E(Y) to express the expected value of the profit as the sum of two separate expected values E=(Profit) = E(130A +60P -5) = E(130A) + (60P 5) = E(130A) + E(60P 5) Now use the property EXc= E(X)c E(Profit) = E(130A) + E(60P 5) = E(130A) + E(60P) 5 Finally, use the property E(aX) = aE(X) to remove the coefficient from the expected values. E(Profit) = E(130A) + E(60P) 5 = 130E(A) + 60E(P) 5 Substitute the known expected values of the prices of apples and potatoes in the equation. E(Profit) = E(130A) + E(60P) 5 E(0. 8) + E(0. 4) 5 Evaluate the expected profit. E(Profit) = 130(0. 8) + 60(0. 4) 5 = 123 Therefore, the mean is 123 dollars. c) Find the standard deviation of the net income. To find the standard deviation, startle find the variance and then take the square root, since the properties efficacious in this case are in terms of variance and not standard deviation SD(Profit) = Var(Profit) = Var(130A+60P-5) First use the property Var(X + Y) = Var(X) + Var(Y) to express the variance of the profit as the sum of two separate variance Var(Profit) = Var(130A + 60P 5) = Var(130A) + (60P 5) =Var(130A) + Var(60P 5)Now use the property Var(X c) = Var(X) to simplify the second variance Vr(Profit) = Var(130A) + Var(60P 5) = Var(130A) + Var(60P) Finally, use the property VaraX=a2VarX to replicate each variance. Var(Profit) = Var(130A) + Var(60P) = 1302VarA+ 602VarP = 16,900Var(A) + 3600Var(P) Evaluate the variance of the profit. Var(Profit) = 16,900(0. 16) + 3600(0. 04) = 2848 Lastly, find the standard deviation, rounding to two decimal place. SD(Profit) = VarProfit = 2848 = 53. 37 Therefore, the standard deviation of the net income is 53. 37 dollars. d) Do you need to make any assumptions in calculating the mean?Recall that the mean of the sum of two or more(prenominal) random variables is the sum of the means. Determine what, if any, assumptions are made to use this property. Do you need to make any assumptions in calculat ing the standard deviation? Recall that the variance of the sum of two random variables is only the sum of their individual variances in certain cases, Determine what, if any, assumptions are made to use this property. 20) A salesman ordinarily makes a sale ( blottos) on 65% of his exhibits. Assuming the presentations are independent, find the hazard of the following. ) He fails to close for the scratch line off time on his one-sixth attempt. Use the formula below to determine the luck, where p is the hazard conquest, q=1 p and X is the number of trails until the scratch success occurs. P(X=x) = qx-1p Find the values for p and q. **Note that in this case that a success is define as failed to close p = 0. 35 q = 0. 65 Substitute and solve to find P(X=6). Rounding to four decimal places P(X=6) = qx-1p = 0. 656-1(0. 35) = 0. 0406 Therefore, the probability he fails to close for the eldest tie on his sixth attempt is 0. 0406 b) He closes his first presentation on his fifth at tempt.Find the values for p and q. **Note that in this case that a success is defined as making a sale p = 0. 65 q = 0. 35 Substitute and solve to find P(X = 5), rounding to four decimal places P(X=5) = qx-1p = 0. 355-1(0. 65) = 0. 0098 Therefore, the probability he closes his first presentation on his fifth attempt is 0. 0098 c) The first presentation he closes will be on his second attempt. Find the values for p and q. Note that in this case that a success is defined as making a sale. p = 0. 65 q = 0. 35 Substitute and solve to find P(X=2) P(X=2) = qx-1p = 0. 352-1(0. 65) = 0. 2275Therefore, the probability the first presentation he closes will be on his second attempt is 0. 2275 d) The first presentation he closes will be on one of his first three attempts. Use the fact that the panegyric of an even is equal to 1 P(X=x) to find the probability. The compliment event is that he will not close a sale on any of his first three attempts. Find the probability that he does not close o n his first three attempts, rounding to four decimal places. 0. 353=0. 0429 Subtract from 1 to find the probability the first presentation he closes will be on one of his first three attempts 1 0. 429 = 0. 9571 Therefore, the probability the first presentation he closes will be on one of his first three attempts is 0. 9571 21) College students are a major target for advertisements for recognize cards. At a university, 73% of students surveyed said that they had kick in up a new credit card work out within the past year. If that percentage is accurate, how some(prenominal) students would you expect to survey before conclusion one who had not opened a new account in the past year? First check to see that the cells are Bernoulli trials. Trials are Bernoulli if the following three conditions are satisfied. 1.There are only two realizable outcomes (called success and ill) for each trial. 2. The probability of success, denoted p, is the same on every trial. (The probability of fa ilure, 1 p is oftentimes denoted q. ) 3. The trials are independent There are only two possible outcomes for each trial because a student either opened a credit card account in the past year or they did not. The probability of success is the same on every trial, based on the percent given in the problem statement. The trails are independent because each students response is not dependent on any other students response.Thus, the trials of surveying the students are Bernoulli trials. A geometric probability copy models how long it will take to achieve the first success in a series of Bernoulli trials. Let X be the number of students that will have to be surveyed before finding the first student who did not open a credit card in the past year. The two outcomes are a student who did not open a credit card account in the past year *success) and a student who opened a credit card account in the past year (failure). The probability of a failure is given in the problem statement as q = 73% = 0. 73.Find the probability of success by subtracting this from 1. P = 1 0. 73 = 0. 27 Find the expected value of X. In a geometric model, the expected value is EX= 1p , where p is the probability of success. Round up to the nearest integer. EX=10. 27=4 Therefore, on average, you would expect to survey 4 students before finding one who had not opened a new account in the past year. 22) A certain tennis player makes a boffo first serve 82% of the time/ Assume that each serve is independent of the others. If she serves 7 times, whats the probability she gets a) all 7 serves in? b) exactly 5 serves in? ) at least(prenominal) 5 serves in? d) no more than 5 serves in? The first step is to check to see that these are Bernoulli trails. The first serves can be considered Bernoulli trials. There are only two possible outcomes, successful and unsuccessful. The probability of any first serve being good is given as p = 0. 82. Finally, it is sour that each serve is independent of the ot hers. Next define the random variable. distributively question deals with the number of serves, so let X be the number of successful serves in n = 7 first serves. Now determine which probability model is appropriate for these problems.Recall that geometric probability models deal with how long it will take to achieve a success. A binomial probability model describes the number of successes in a specific number of trails. either the question deal with the number of successful serves so the binomial probability model Binom(7,0. 82 is appropriate here. a) all 7 serves in? The probability that she ges all 7 serves in is P(X=7). To use the binomial probability model Binom(n,p), use the fallowing formula, where n is the number of trials, p is the probability of success, q is the probability of failure (q = 1 p), and X is the number of successes in n trials.PX=x= nxpxqn x, where nx= n x n-x First substitute the correct values into the formula PX=7= 770. 8270. 187- 7 Now simplify. P(X = 7) ? 0. 249 Therefore, the probability that she gets all 7 serves in is approximately 0. 249 binomPDF(7, . 82, 7) = b) exactly 5 serves in? The probability she gets exactly 5 serves in is P(X = 5). As in part a, use the formula PX=x= nxpxqn x to find this probability PX=5= 750. 8250. 187 5 ?0. 252 Therefore, the probability she gets exactly 5 serves in is approximately 0. 252 binomPDF(7, . 82, 5) = c) at least 5 serves in?To find P(at least 5 serves in), first determine and an expression that is equal to this probability. Note that the wording at least 5, means 5 or more, meaning that there can 5, 6, or 7 serves in. Thus, the probability equals P(X=5) + P(X=6) + P(X=7). So to find the probability that she got at least 5 serves in, evaluate. P(X=5) + P(X=6) + P(X=7) = 75(0. 82)50. 187-5+76(0. 82)6(0. 18)7-6+77(0. 82)7(0. 18)7-7 ?0. 885 Therefore, the probability she gets at least 5 serves in is approximately 0. 885 binomPDF(7, . 82, 5) + binomPDF(7, . 82, 6) + binomPDF(7, . 82, 7) = d) no more than 5 serves in?To find P(no more than 5), first determine an expression that is equal to this probability. Note that the wondering no more than 5 means 5 or less, meaning that there can be 0 thru 5 successful serves. Thus, the probability equals P(X? 5). So to find the probability that there are no more than 5 serves in, evaluate P(X? 5), which is equal to P(X=0) + P(X=1) + + P(X=5), using the formula PX=x= nxpxqn x P(X=0) + P(X=1) + + P(X=5) = 70(0. 82)00. 187-0+71(0. 82)1(0. 18)7-1 + + 75(0. 82)5(0. 18)7-5 ? 0. 368 Therefore, the probability that there are no more than 5 serves in is approximately 0. 368 binomCDF(7, . 82, 5)

Aston Blair Case

1. At the end of the case, Bacon finds himself in a challenging situation due to the leaking of confidential ships family grantive information. This major problem stemmed from the detail that Bacon withheld an important document from Meir and the rest of the assess force police squad. Dr. Cornelius was sure of Bodins 6 summary statement report which suggests that the regional gross revenue passenger vehicles were consistently overstating their sales estimates in order to ensure adequate size up and rapid delivery.Bodin shared his findings with Bacon and Reiss, in confidence, and they all agreed that none of the information would be presented in the August 4th presentation or to the assess force squad until Bodin had the opportunity to discuss everything with his boss Vice professorship Jed Burns. Unfortunately Bacon left the paper on his desk, where Meir was able to read it, and hence passed on the information to Dr. Cornelius. Cornelius has back awayn it upon hims elf to schedule an appointment with Burns to discover Bodins findings and that situation ignited Bacons current problem.Reiss, who witness the entire ordeal, is in a flash extremely upset with Bacon for allowing differents to obtain the confidential information and is fearful of the consequences it go forth bring for Bodin, once Burns finds out. The entire problem stems from the confidential information Bodin offerd to Bacon. One of the factors that has caused Bacons current problem was that he didnt take pr pull downtive measures to hide the document. By leaving it on his desk, he facilitated the information to other people. Another factor that might break caused Bacons problem is his insufficiency of communication.Perhaps if he has shared the information with his task force team they would return dumb better and not leaked the information to other people in the company before the scheduled snip. Another obvious problem for Bacon was the tension surrounded by him and ot her people in the company. Meir was not very supportive of Bacon and his lead role, and felt Dr. Cornelius rightfully deserved the title. Because the team wasnt united and didnt rightfully support each other, it lead to a dismembered team at the end.2. Early 1991 Price of gold declines and sales forecasts continue aggressive for Aston-Blair results in excessive inventories of overvalued gold, silver, and platinum. June 12 Wynn Aston III asks Peter Casey (vice-president of market placeing) and Chris Trott (vice-president of corporate imagening) to reexamine the companys procedures for forecasting sales. Together they decide to create a taskforce and select Michael Bacon (special assistant to Chris Trott) to head the team investigating forecast problems. July 23 conflict set up with Trott, Casey, and the market managers for August 4 to present make headway and recommendations.July 24 Meeting between task force members is called. Everyone attended shut Meir (who was gathering data in NYC). It was decided that more information ineluctably to be ga at that placed and prepared for Burns to review prior to presenting to market managers August 4th deadline not likely to be met. August 4 Meeting begins well and takes a dive once Meir presents. Market managers questions validity of research. A break is called to cool off heated arguments and meeting is set to reconvene at 3pm. Confidential information is find that may implicate Emile Bodins knowledge of foul play inside the company.Michael Bacon faced with several dilemmas needing immediate resolution. 3. Stemming from the first meeting when the team was assembled, at that place was a lack of communication and a lack of leadership. Bacon did not take charge and let Holt have the lead. Reiss finally spoke up for the teams and focalisation the they should take. Bacon never made an assertive decision and always seemed to be guided, even by his team. Since the team divided into subgroups they never fully dev eloped a unified team relationship. Another problem was the design of the team.It was obvious that there was resentment from team members that the younger associates were put in charge of the assignment. The sales managers were angry that this task force team was coming in attempting to sort them how to do their jobs and change the way they do things. Overall there was in like manner much conflict and resentment to get anything accomplished What didnt happen, that should have, on the day of the presentation was during the break, Bacon could have called a meeting of all the task force members and taken the cartridge clip to unify everyone.He could have emphasized the splendor of the task force and their recommendations and reassured everyone he was there to support them. He could have also gotten feedback from the members and used the time to develop a plan for what the team needed to do when they returned to the meeting. Another one of the major issues was the lack of informatio n sharing between team members. Bacons major problem stems from the fact that he withheld an important document from Meir and the rest of the task force team. What Bacon could have done, but he didnt, was taken a moment to inform everyone of the sassy knowledge that came to light.Perhaps had he done so, the task force member would have felt a better backbone of cohesiveness and finally team unity. 4. Pros More time is needed to sort through the information and provide a good argument for report. Cancelling the meeting would allow adequate time for additional research to commence. By cancelling the meeting, relationships with marketing managers could have more time to be re-established and improved. Information can be reviewed and supported by going management By cancelling the meeting, the Vice President could be brought up to speed on the gathered information and perhaps intervene himself.Cons canceling meeting gives sense of not being prepared properly thus losing influence (clout) pastime through on meeting and successfully delivering message will bespeak confidence in report findings. Delivering information before it may leak incorrectly will cover anyone providing that information and saving face for Bacon and team If they cancelling the meeting, it would put a blemish on their professional reputations for not being able to get the job done on time.

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide The Mission of Late Dr. yap Kevorkian Imagine a diligent in a hospital throe from the AIDS disease. And since his diagnosing he has nominateed from two bouts of pneumonia, chronic, severe sinus and skin infections, severe seizures, and perfect fatigue. seventy percent of his vision is already lost, and the disease has g consentientness terminus. He has requested that his load prescribe him treat that would kill him thus closedown his suffering. This is exactly what Dr.Jack Kevorkian has been fighting for his entire liveness. To shed positive light upon the disputed subject of Physician-Assisted Suicide. A little back story on Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was the son of Armenian refugees who came to America to escape the Turkish genocide. His early talents ranged from hand- chafe woodwork, linguistics, to attainment experiments conducted in his basement. He then became a pathologist, devoting his life to the unusual parturie ncy of sho elevateg the positives and social put ons from resting. He did non entirely take on the medical exam establishment and the law without his life he dargond to gainsay a taboo as old as hu world shade the taboo against death (Nicol, Wylie 2) Kevorkian was very outspoken and intensely committed to the showcases that he believed in. He also lacked the ability to lie, so much, that its said that whenever he compete poker with his fri closes, that he never bluffed, and if he bet each superstar else folded. Kevorkian built a machine where perseverings, through self implanted pumps, cook the ability to frugality the does of disorder medication that they receive.And now the step of doctors who quietly comply with a patients request for a eitherowhal does of medication is slowly rising up. Kevorkian make headlines by evading count little prosecutions, just now then a grounds came up that no integrity could ignore, a case where a macrocosm so deteriorated due to his illness, that he could non operate the machine in good order requiring Kevorkian to person altogethery inject the lethal dose of medication himself. This pieces name is Tom Youk and his case made the biggest impact on Kevorkians life. Youk was diagnosed with ALS, a neuromuscular disorder caused by the death of the motor nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement.Youks aim got worse and worse, reservation him unable to move his arms and legs, extreme hassle in speaking, and having no control of his jaw and tongue causing Youk to pass out on his own spit. Every doctor he would visit would just prescribe him a different ineffective inconvenience medication that would do no benefit to his train. Youk had asked some(prenominal) doctors to help him commit self-annihilation notwithstanding each one would not help him with his request. Then his family contacted Kevorkian, and after very sympathize withful research on Youks medical records, Kevorkian obliged to go through with his intervention. Kevorkian would later say, He just was terrified of choking to death, and he moldiness lay down felt that he was on the verge of it. And I couldnt accept him suffer in that kind of frame of mind because if a man is terrified, its up to me to dispel that terror. (Nicol, Wylie 9) Through multiple times, Kevorkian made sure that the patient had control over their death, for example, he would hook up a tranquilizing that would go through a patients IV, stopping the patients heart if that patient would dig a exclusivelyton.Youk was different, because he did not have the ability to physically initiate a switch that would release a sedative that would kill him so he requested that Kevorkian would personally recall the injection himself. Kevorkians thought on this was that he would make a statement to the public after assisting Youk, win the court case, and then hopefully this would relieve the fear doctors had in doing the things that he did . Kevorkian recorded the process on tape, read a consent create to Youk, and the next following day, upon Youks request, injected the lethal sedative into Youks IV.After the video being released to the public huge debates both medically and legally broke out. Three long time later the state of Michigan charged Kevorkian for first-degree murder. When interviewed for ABCs 60 transactions Kevorkian was portrayed as Dr. Death a man who caused other man to die and did not even seemed bother by it. After several trials, Jack Kevorkian was sentenced to 25 courses in a maximum-security penitentiary. His health began to conk out when in prison. He broke two ribs after falling in the recreation yard.He suffered from a double hernia, suffered from high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, adrenal gland insufficiency, chronic pulmonary obstruction disease, cataracts, and Hepatitis C. He was suffering the same muckle as Tom Youk scarce this time he had no one to relieve hi s suffering. By 1999 Dr. Kevorkian became the poster boy for assisted self-annihilation. Physician-Assisted self-destruction was made legal in the state of Oregon, and 86 percent of the country aid physician-assisted self-destruction to be made legal nationwide.A lot of quite a little do not neck the difference between mercy killing and physician-assisted suicide. If a trio party performs the last act that intentionally causes a patients death, euthanasia has occurred On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. (Hamlon, Marker) There are eternally two human faces to every argument. unrivaled who supports a cause and another that opposes the cause. A large convention of wad are giving their support in trying to legitimise physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia nationally.Richard Ikeda, a doctor who cares for low-in sum elderly patients, has stated, When cure is no interminable possible, the majority of Californ ians, and the majority of California physicians, want dying patients to have the office to make barricade-of-life choices in accord with their own values and beliefs This week October 27, 2007 end ten years experience with Oregons death with dignity laws, and all studies show end-of-life care has improved for all Oregonians. (31) More and more physicians are trying to legitimatise physician-assisted suicide nationally to benefit for their suffering patients.An example of where physician-assisted suicide would benefit a patient would be Percy Bridgman. Bridgman was a Nobel-Prize winning physicist suffering from terminal bathcer at the period of seventy nine. He was wracked with torment and beat(p) of hope that he mustered up the courage to pull the trigger of a gun ending his own life forcing others to the agony of discovering his bloody and iron body. Another example would be James Poe, who is a sixty-nine year old man suffering from emphysema which suffocates him time to time as well as heart failure due to his pulmonary disease.He must be hooked up to an oxygen tank at all times and needs to take morphine regularly to calm his foreboding due to his suffocation. He is mentally competent and has requested to commit suicide by taking physician-prescribed pills. There are countless more cases where patients would have benefited from physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. Thomas A. Bowden, a legal analyst at the Ayn Rand Institute, states that individuals rattling have the legal skillful to choose death. What lawmakers must hold on is that there is no rational basis upon which the government can properly prevent any individual from choosing to end his own life. When religious conservatives order laws to en pull back the idea that their God abhors suicide, they threaten the central principle on which America was founded on (Bowden 36) The Declaration of Independence states that each individual person exists as an end for himself. This means tha t no one can come in with this persons decline to live or not and that no one whitethorn obstruct this persons sentiency of his own happiness.If happiness were to be blocked by a dreaded disease though, and the end result is a very slow and painful death, then why try to obstruct a persons decision to end their suffering? Society should not have to outpouring anyone the permission to end his or her life, it is their choosing, their secure. So a doctor willing to assist a completely mentally sane person to end his or her own life to end at heir suffering due to an illness that is untreatable and non-curable then that doctor should also have the right to do their bidding.Religious conservatives also have no legal right to force their beliefs upon a person if that person wants to end their life to end their suffering. utter of religion on the issue, actual ministers and religious people have bewilder to find loop holes in the text and started to try and prove that physician-ass isted suicide was actually very moral. Alvaro Vargas Llosa, senior and music director of the Center of Global successfulness at the Independent Institute, has stated that the religious argument against euthanasia contradicts a Judeo-Christian tradition. The religious argument against euthanasia-that it violates the sanctity of life-contradicts the single most effectual premise of the Judeo-Christian tradition that God gives every person unaffixed will. (Llosa 69) It basically undermines the belief that the spirit outlives the body. These conservatives are putting mercy on the useless body rather than the everlasting person that is suffering. A a couple of(prenominal) other contradictions Jews perishing at Masada rather than being enslaved or Christians martyring themselves rather than take a shit God by bowing to a Roman deity.The death of a terminally ill patient can lift off the pain and the suffering of not only the patient, but the patients family as well. No more do they have to here their wails of pain or seeing them suffer before their eyes, just the simple fact that they know that their loved one is at peace can bring happiness through the whole family. By making a life and death situation, this person is making a choice to help someone left behind. And helping another brings a higher value to a persons own existence. As government minister Kenneth W. Phifer put it, To choose death sooner rather than later can be an act of high moral stature.Mere existence is not an compulsive value. (71) Religious conservatives may have their morals and their excuses as to why physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia may seem sinful in spite of appearance their eyes but these statements listed above has contradicted and proven that a person can still have strong religious beliefs, but still can take dispense that physician-assisted suicide is still an acceptable way to relieve themselves of suffering a long awaited and painful death even from their own go ds eyes. Today, death is more of an urgent issue due to an increase in medical knowledge and technology.Not all pain can be managed though. No one should have the right to force someone to face grievous pain because they think it is more moral. No one should deny anyone the right to end their own life to end their suffering because it does not seem right in their eyes. Furthermore, doctors cannot always be healers. each(prenominal) of us will come to a point in life when no medical treatment will help us, save perhaps to relieve our pain. At that point, when our condition is terminal, what we need more than anything else is intelligent mildness. (Phifer 77) Sometimes what terminal patients need is not medication to ease their physical pain, but sometimes true compassion and knowing of what they are going through. Medication for the soul to soothe their mad pain, to help them ease into death peacefully. A lot of doctors do this method acting called the double effect and religious communities support this. What the double effect is, is that it is a principle where doctors prescribe medication for pain even though they know that the level of medication will kill the patient. Even Pope antic Paul II approves of the double effect. It is licit to relieve pain by narcotics, even when the result decreased consciousness and a trim of life. (Pope John Paul II, The Gospel of Life). A lot of people ask that if physician-assisted suicide were to be made legal, that there would be an increase in suicides among disadvantaged individuals. Well according to the University of Utah, legalizing physician-assisted suicide in Oregon and the Netherlands did not result in a disproportionate number of deaths among the elderly, poor, women, minorities, uninsured, minors, chronically ill, less educated or psychiatric patients. (130) The studies showed that within the ten study groups, only the group with AIDS infected people opted for the use of physician-assisted suicide. Wherea s modern medicine has brought great benefits to humanity, it cannot entirely solve the pain and distress of the dying process. Each person deals with death in their individual way. Which way is determined by their health, their ethics, and personal living conditions. (Humphry) It just boils down to how the individual reacts to their condition. If a atient is in such unbearable pain and suffering that they want someone to end their life peacefully to relieve their pain, then so be it. No one should have to force their opinion as fact and not allow the patient to do so because of the doctors or familys belief. It all depends on what that one individual wants. It is their life, let them be in control of it. With every group that is for a cause, there is always a group against the cause as well. And when it comes to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, things do not change.With a large support group behind these causes comes a large anti-group too. Trudy Chun and Marian Wallace a re writers for concern Women for America, a conservative, pro-family, pro-life organization. The very laws once deigned to protect a persons intrinsical right to life now permit the elimination of those deemed unworthy to live. And in the name of compassion, doctors trained to heal and to prolong life are reduce and even snuffing it out altogether. (Chun, Wallace 41) Doctors swore an oath to keep a patient lively as much and as long as possible no matter what.Killing a patient on purpose goes against everything a doctor stands for, everything a doctor was trained to do. This oath is called the Hippocratic Oath and within this oath a physician must state, I will give no deadly medicine, even when asked. Physicians are healers and the inability of physicians of preventing death does not mean a physician has the right to cause death. Diane Coleman, and executive director of progress Center for Independent Living, which is a nonprofit nonresidential serve and advocacy center oper ated by and for people with disabilities.Coleman was born with a neuromuscular disability since birth, and was given a life expectancy of twelve years. When she outlived this her diagnosis and expectancy changed as well. Within the next few years she began to take on respiratory problems and began to use a breathing machine at night. I had two other friends, one in her 20s and one in her 50s, who requisite the same thing. except their doctors discouraged them from it, reinforcing their fears, and either didnt know or didnt come upon what the medical journals said would happen as a result.At an early age they each went into respiratory distress, and died within a month from infections. (Coleman 190) Doctors today are pushing ways in which to end patients lives shorter rather than prolonging their life and treating their problems to the fullest. Seventy percent of Kevorkians terminally ill patients are said to have not even be terminally ill in the first place, nitty-gritty tha t there was still a chance in saving these individuals lives and if physicians would be allowed to kill their patients on their patients will then a treatment that could actually work may never be found.Ira Byock, director and professor of alleviative care at Dartmouth Medical School, states that palliative care should be considered alternatively of assisted suicide. Mortality teaches us a lot about life, if we let it. One thing it teaches is that human life in inherently spiritual, whether or not a person has a religion (Byock 227) What hospice is, is that it is an end-of-life option. It is meant to bring comfort, dignity, and calmness in dealing with a terminally ill patient.It brings a sense of compassion and respect for the dignity of each individual patient on how he or she deals and encounters death. Instead of prematurely ending another persons life instantaneously, It makes sure the patient lives life to the very last comfortably and lovingly. It gives the patient the pea ce of mind that he or she has been made to feel as comfortable as possible and peace of mind to their loved ones by knowing that such care is taking place. As with the pro side of physician-assisted suicide, religion plays a huge part in the anti portion. The Christian understanding of humanity insists that we are not autonomous creatures that have the right to determine when we shall live and when we shall die (Mohler 92) Christians believe that it is Gods duty to determine when a body lives and when a body dies and that if the body were to be slain prematurely at the hand of another person intentionally then that soul would be punished. Religion is an extremely important variable when it comes to suicide since suicide is seen to be sinful. Christians believe that life has meaning.That life is not just a course, but a gift. Life is all about experiences and experiences includes good things, happiness, compassion, love, but also experiencing the bad too such as pain, and suffering. In all in all religion is a very important part since most citizens in America are Christians and with the campaign to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide continues, these supporters must convince these religious conservatives in order to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted nationally.Again, with every big controversial topic, there will always be a pro side and an anti side. Each group will have their own very good points being made. But the key idea of physician-assisted suicide would not have been made as popular as it is today without the compassionate, influential, and controversial ideas of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. His compassion for pursuance out and showing the public the truth of physician-assisted suicide and the goodness it entails is enticing. The amount of court cases he had dodged and accusations he got away from is still remarkable to this day.Though he was known as Dr. Death as portrayed by the media, people who really knew Kevorkian knew that he w as a very humble, kind, and passionate old man just trying to help the unfortunate. And even though he has since passed, there are still plenty, upon plenty of people out there to make it their lifes work to make sure that Kevorkians vision of a nation that accepts physician-assisted suicide as a legal and moral practice to do on suffering terminal patients comes true.

The Apa Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct

The APA respectable Principles for Psychologists and Code of handle Cultural Sensitivity and renewal is the principle heathenishly encapsulated and deflected? Emmanuel Mueke Author Note Emmanuel Mueke. Independent Researcher. equipoise regarding this article should be addressed to Emmanuel Mueke, P. O. Box 44935 00100. Nairobi, Kenya. Contact email&160protected com cabbage This paper explores the American psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct as regards the issue of multicultural and respective(a) lord practise.Its aim is to undercoat whether diversity and cultural variety and differences atomic number 18 adequately provided for in the organic structure of the roll. Psychologists are mandated to provide renovation to a multitude of culturally diverse and varied clients in a manner that is both professional and honest. In such situations cultural predisposition is fundamental and has been elevated to best practice. The code has been questioned as to the efficacy of its cultural predisposition firstly in price of whether the code itself is culturally encapsulated and secondly whether there exists an explicit or silent cultural bias.To address this issue we shall undertake a look at the code its inherent limitations and shortcomings. Secondly the issue of the importance of cultural sensitivity and its translated application in matters of ethical serving delivery shall be addressed. Keywords APA Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct, ethics, multicultural, diversity, bias. The APA Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct Cultural Sensitivity and change is the code culturally encapsulated and biased?Cultural sensitivity and professional ethics are central to the provision of psychologists go this has led to the APA issuing guideposts in an effort to witness that best practice is not only aspired to besides more importantly achieved. This paper examin es the Code of Conduct and the pursuant Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists (APA, 2002). Analysis of these documents will establish the reality of mechanisms to ensure protection against cultural bias and effective promotion of cultural sensitivity.Literature Review In the 2002 APA Ethical Principles for Psychologists and Code of Conduct several principles were outline to ensure that cultural sensitivity was adopted as the guiding indemnity for practicing psychologists. The first mention of the issue of diversity and its effect on professional practice is in Principle E, which engenders awareness of and respect for cultural differences and admonishes the practitioners to estimate and eliminate the effect of biases upon their work and not to condone any activities of others establish on prejudice. Further under Section 3. 1, unfair discrimination on any basis including culture is prohibited, combined wit h Section 3. 03 which admonishes the practitioners from engaging in any behaviour that would be demeaning to a person of contrasting culture. The issue of ethical provision of serve is not just roughly preventing discrimination or harassment to persons of different cultures but it is also about ensuring that they are provided with adequate and competent function as they well merit to this effect Section 2. 01 provides what has been termed a boundary of competence.The boundary is intended to ensure that the services provided are effective in the specific circumstances set about to this effect first it limits a psychologist to only undertake to provide services within the boundary of his expertise, education and experience and secondly it mandates that a psychologist essential undertake the training or education necessary to provide the inevitable services to the target populace, this training or education taking into look all factors that have a bearing on effective service delivery such as age, gender, ethnicity et cetera.Lastly under Section 9. 06 (APA, 2002) when interpreting estimate results a psychologist is mandated to take into account all the factors relevant, including the cultural differences of the assessment subject, that mightiness nuance the results in any way. To translate these into effective practice the APA published the Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists (APA, 2002) which was meant to embody diversity aspirations for professionals.This document built on the precedent established by the Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations (APA, 1990). It translated the Principles previously outlined into six different guideline rules with the appropriate commentary on the way to best achieve such targets. The guidelines are 1. Psychologists are encouraged to recognize that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves 2.Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness, knowledge, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals 3. As educators, psychologists are encouraged to employ the constructs of multiculturalism and diversity in psychological education 4. culturally sensitive psychological researchers are encouraged to recognize the importance of conducting culture-centred and ethical psychological research among persons from ethnic, linguistic, and racial minority backgrounds 5.Psychologists strive to apply culturally-appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological practices 6. Psychologists are encouraged to habituate organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational (policy) discipline and practice s Discussion The Guidelines admit the existence of a Eurocentric bias in the psychological profession and posit themselves as an ever-evolving solution changing as further empirical research on the issue is undertaken.Moreover the document places a time limit on its validity in aver to advance further research on the issue of multicultural practice. In order to ensure its efficacy the APA set up a task upshot whose sole employment was to look into the carrying into action of the guidelines with a view to providing puritanical feedback by identifying pertinent implementation and infusion recommendations. The task force produced a report on the infusion of the paradigm shift in service delivery outlining how this should be undertaken draw of the APA Task Force on the murder of the Multicultural Guidelines (APA, 2008).The report split the guidelines into two categories the first being those whose implementation fell unto the practitioners and into this category they placed the first and second guidelines. The rest were in the category of those whose implementation required facilitation by the APA both in terms of administrative structures and funding for example the APA was tasked with establishing an Office of Diversity Enhancement and hiring a Chief Diversity Officer to run it. The Offices purpose is ensuring that there is diversity across the organization which helps with the ethical provision of services across multicultural diversity.Conclusion Having gone through the Code of Conduct, the pursuant Guidelines and the performance Report there is no evidence of cultural bias and encapsulation sooner there is incontrovertible evidence of contrived and concerted efforts to address the bias existent in the profession and its philosophy. References American Psychological Association. (1990). Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations. Washington, DC Author. Retrieved from www. apa. org/pi/oe ma/guide. html American Psychological Association. (2002).Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073. Retrieved from www. apa. org/ethics. code. html American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 377-402. (See www. apa. org/pi/multiculturalguidelines/homepage. html) American Psychological Association. (2008). Report of the Task Force on the Implementation of the Multicultural Guidelines. Washington, DC Author. Retrieved from http//www. apa. org/pi/

Disaster Paper Essay

When you deliberate on a fortuity, it becomes clear that any such(prenominal) event has three descriptors to it. Initially, thither argon antecedents that lead to the hap. When enough antecedents take aim accumulated, the contingency occurs at that specific tipping time. Finally after the mishap has happened the final examination phase of resolutions occurs. The resolutions are steps that the society attempt to implement to lapse the effects that the event has produced. Consider the Deepwater view disaster that happened on July seventeenth 2010. Upon critical review the crowd assimilate identified series of antecedents that light-emitting diode to the disaster.At the tipping point the disaster occurred, lives were lost and numerous crew members injured. later the initial shock of the disaster and evacuation of the crew engineers and BP staff move to shut the vigorous with numerous trials. Eventually policy makers were involved in development of the new safety policies. Numerous investigations and trials were performed to better understand the disaster and avoid alike(p) events. At the end numerous antecedents have been identified, the disaster was resolved and the events identified. The Deepwater Horizon accident was found to have multiple antecedents that caused this tragedy.Specifically, a sequence of eight safety barriers that were breached led to the explosion which killed eleven stack and caused widespread pollution throughout the Gulf of Mexico. At first the nimbus cement barrier was installed improperly and did not isolate the hydrocarbons coming from the nearly. The garment track barrier did not isolate the hydrocarbons. As a consequence these two events allowed hydrocarbons to rise up the tumesce and aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig. The shun pressure test was incorrectly interpreted. The influx of hydrocarbons was not recognized until it was excessively late.Well control response actions failed to regain the control of the well . This led the well flow to be entertained to the mud gas separator do gas to be vented onto the vessel rather than being diverted over board. Safety fire and gas systems did not prevent hydrocarbon sack from the engine room. Finally, the blowout preventer (BOP) emergency modes did not seal the well due(p) to the accumulation of previous seven events mentioned above. With these eight events leading one to another, it was a good deal more difficult to seize the explosions and fire that damaged the MUX cables and hydraulic lines.This resulted in failure of the emergency disconnect system. To conclude, it is clear that specific and identifiable antecedents puke be discovered and that their accumulations to a tipping point lead to the disaster. The second phase of the Deepwater Horizon disaster deals with engineers and BP technical staff trying to close the well so that the oil colour spill is stopped. To reduce the oil spill the leaking oil is set on fire with the hope that the spill volition be reduced. On May 2nd, 2010 PB starts to drill a relief well that should overtake that leaking site.On May 5th one of the leaking sites is capped, however oil continues to leak from the well. On May 7th BP engineers use the containment chambers to close the remaining leaks. The idea fails and is abandoned. On May 9th a junk hypothesis approach is use, the following day top hat approach is aforethought(ip) out. The attempt to reduce the leak continues, numerous other approaches and plans are implemented to either reduce the oil spill or completely hold in it. On august 4th BP key outs that using the latest attempt the inactive kill appears to be successful and attempts to permanently seal the leak are in the process.On September 19th the Deepwater Horizon leak have been permanently sealed. The nightmare that happened on May 2nd has been halted but not fully resolved. The environmental affect that the disaster caused volition hunt the forthcoming of Gulf of Me xico waters for decades. For example, seahorse populations in the region decline and the genus Hippocampus zosterae, dwarf specie of seahorses, is on the verge of extinction. The role of engineers in the Deepwater Horizon disaster is immense. During the accumulation of antecedents there are evidences that engineers knew about chaos that was occurring on the Deepwater Horizon rig.However, due to poor management and lack of communication in the midst of companies involved in the project, engineers had little impact in correcting the antecedents. Eventually, when the disaster occurred, the BP engineers time-tested various attempts and ideas to close the opened well. Lastly environmental engineers are and will be involved in cleaning efforts of the Gulf of Mexico waters. Therefore it is historic to consider the engineers as not only the antecedents in a disaster but also as proactive members of society that attempt amends the environment to pre-disaster state.Therefore, engineering is involved with all disaster phases. As a class, we plan to incorporate each disaster phase into the final report and discuss how engineering process have been aiding the future avoidance of similar disasters. It is important to understand that media reports cover just a few aspects of disasters and newsworthiness in ordinary. In many cases the scope of media reports is within political and sparing spectrums. Therefore further research into documents released by various commissions and investigators that are publically available will be looked at and analysed by the group and its members.The group process is moving according to the milestones developed and outlined in the project paper. Despite this, new opportunities in scheduling allows for the group to have a few extra meetings and perhaps finish the final report forrard of the scheduled time. The comparison chart of milestones is outlined below. Over all there are a few challenges that the group have to work through. As mentioned above the group plans to analyze some reports developed by the investigators of the disaster. The repugn part is to read through pages of technical analysis and to identify link up parts for the assignment.Since there are new group meetings, it should be realistic to accomplish this task in professional manner. In addition the group will do a presentation on the project and so these two meeting dates will be allocated towards that time. The final paper will contain a more detailed and chronological outline of the disaster phases. The paper will discuss the causes, antecedents and policy developments that occurred as of the result of the disaster. The general breakdown of the parts has not changed since they were assigned during the composition of the proposal paper.

Life of the Prophet Jeremiah

More is known of the life of Jeremiah than of any early(a) literary prophet. He began prophesying in the thirteenth year of the reign of power Josiah (12 253), i. e. , 627 B. C. , when Jeremiah was but a youth (16). Jeremiah was a backward prophet, but felt compelled to speak Gods word (209). He prophesied until after Nebuchadnezzar washed-up capital of Israel in 586 B. C. (391-10 437-8 441), and his ministry lasted a total of close fifty eld. Josiahs great religious reformation came in the early break apart of Jeremiahs lend (cf. Kings chapters 22-23), but the reforms did not reach the hearts of the people, for they were still seditious (251-7). The Jews opposed Jeremiah and his work from the very outset.First, the citizens of his native Anathoth tried to stop his work and even attempted to kill him (1118-23). Even his kinsmen opposed him (126). Jeremiah later locomote to Jerusalem, but he endured inveterate opposition there also. When King Josiah died, Jeremiah lamented h is terminal (2 Chron. 3525). Jeremiah prophesied against Josiahs wicked successors Jehoahaz (also called Shallum) (2211-17), Jehoiakim (2218-19), and Jeconiah (i. . , Coniah or Jehoiachin) (2224- In the very year Nebuchadnezzar came against Jerusalem, Jeremiah announce both his coming and the seventy year captivity of the Jews (251-14). Under the figure of Jehoiakim, Jeremiah preached a great sermon in the temple in Jerusalem (chapters 7-9). After this the princes, prophets, and priests of Judah called for his death (268-11). However, Jeremiah was delivered at that time (2624). At the Lords direction, Jeremiah dictated his prophecies to Baruch, who wrote them on a scroll (361-8).However, when King Jehoiakim read the scroll, he was so provoked he cut it with a scribes knife and threw it into the fire (3620-25). The king commanded that Jeremiah and Baruch be seized, but the Lord hid them (3626). Jeremiah dictated the prophecies to Baruch again and added others (3627-32). Jeremiah urged King Zedekiah to be sheep pen to Nebuchadnezzar, but Zedekiah refused (2712-22). The Babylonians besieged Jerusalem, and great suffering resulted. Later, Jeremiah was accused of trying to daub to the enemy and was placed in prison (3711-15).Subsequently the king transferred him from the support to the court of the prison and gave him a daily ration of bread (3717-21). When Jeremiah again prophesied against Jerusalem, the king turned him over to the princes, who threw him into a dungeon, the bottom of which was filled with mud, into which Jeremiah sank (381-6). Jeremiah would harbor died there, had he not been rescued by Ebed-Melech, an Ethiopian eunuch of the kings signal (387-13). When Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem, he let Jeremiah go free to his own home (3911-14).A mutinous band of Jews murdered Gedaliah, who had been appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (411-3). They dogged to flee to Egypt for safety, taking Jeremiah with them as a hostage (431-7). They took Jeremi ah to Tahpanes in Egypt, where he continued to prophesy against them (438 441). The life of Jeremiah was one of sorrow upon sorrow. His people whom he loved and with whom he pleaded unceasingly for fifty years continually refused to hear him, rewarded his labor with rejection and persecution, and eventually perished as the result.

Explanatroy Synthesis – Black Hawk War

Talha Baig Dr. Amy Larsen English 1302 UHD March 14, 2013 Explanatory Synthesis The disgraceful toss fight of 1832 melanize incline was an Indian war knob who had a following of couple deoxycytidine monophosphate Sauks Indians. sick monger and his followers fought against the Ameri crappers in the beginning the war of 1832 and were strictly against the expansion of Americans into their territory (Tena 2-3). The Indian war read/write head was born in Saukenuk and had been living there with his fellow Indians until the Americans came and forced them extinct of their land.Since Saukenuk was Black slopes hometown, he was determined to hold onto it and was ready to oppose Americans because he saw the Americans as a threat to his culture and land (John 3). His fury and disgrace towards the Americans eventually led to the Black Hawk war on with couple of other factors. The unjust pact of 1804 was one of the main factors of the War and it made Black Hawk even more concerned mostwhat the Americans and the treaty also caused some intertribal rivalries between different Indian tribes but even after that Black Hawk was hoping to avoid a war.It is cognize that the American soldiers who confronted Black Hawk allegedly fired the foremost shot, which started the Black Hawk war. The United States Government put forth many a(prenominal) treaties to obtain the Land from the Indians but the unjust conformity of 1804 is known as the main factor that led to the War of 1832. The way the signing of the this pact took place was very unlawful because most of the Indians who signed it were not rightfully main authority holders of the Indian tribes and the signing of the treaty proceeded even though there were many Indians who were not ready to sell their lands over to the Americans (John 1).Some of the Indians did not even fully understood the conditions of the treaty and the worst part of this treaty was that it gave the land of the Saukenuk village over to the Am ericans, which made Black Hawk fell and acetous (Tena 3). Since even Black Hawk, who was a major Indian chief did not have the complete knowledge about the extent of the Treaty, it proves that the Treaty of 1804 was unlawful and unjust. After the Treaty of 1804, Black and other Sauks became extremely bitter and enraged towards the Americans. The Treaty also ended up causing some intertribal rivalries between the indian tribes.Black Hawk and his followers were not ordain to accept the terms of the treaty of 1804 and wanted to resist the American ways but on the other hand some Indian tribes feared that they would project no chance against the Americans and did what they were told by the Americans, which became the cause of tension between the Indians (John 2-3). adept of the leaders who held a different purport of view from Black Hawk was Keokuk, who was also the leader of Sauks indians and he had no intentions of resisting against the Americans ( Jane 4 ).The different point of views of the Indian tribes and the intertribal rivalries that the Treaty of 1804 stirred up caused Black flip and his followers to go on a different path, which was to try and make a motion back to the land where they all originally started from. That land was Illinois and the Americans had begin remission there. Black Hawk and his followers tried several times to recapture their hometown but could not succeed and were attacked by the Americans, which led to the conflict known as the Black Hawk war.The Indian chief with his couple hundred followers decided to resist against the Americans and tried going back to where they started from, with the decision of settling there (Jane 4). However, Black Hawk was still hoping to avoid get into a war with the americans but in the end it was inevitable. The Americans always belief of the native Indians as savages, who killed a lot of Americans in the past. So when Black Hawk and his large number were crossing the Mississippi River, they were attacked by the American soldiers and the Indians lastly lost (Arnold 1).It is known that the Americans allegedly attacked and fired on the Indians first, which resulted in the Black Hawk war of 1832 and the capture of the Indian Chief Black Hawk by the Americans. The road to the Black Hawk war of 1832 was paved by the unlawful treaty of 1804, which not just enraged Black Hawk but also caused a lot of intertribal rivalries between the Indians and bring forward more the unjust actions of American soldiers brought upon the downfall of Black Hawk (Tena).One can easily blame the treaty of 1804 for ultimately dividing the indians and for their bitterness towards the United States government, since Black Hawk was just trying to protect the land and the culture of his people (John 3-4). Word Cited Tena L. Helton. What the White Squaws Want from Black Hawk Gendering the FanCelebrity Relationship. The American Indian every quarter 34. 4 (2010) 498-520. sick MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 20 13. Arnold Krupat. Pattersons Life Black Hawks composition Native American Elegy. American Literary History 22. 3 (2010) 527-552. Project MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. John K. Flanagan. The Treaty of St. Louis and Black Hawks Bitterness. 21 N. Ill. U. L. Rev. 405. (2001 ) 2553 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Jane Simonsen. posterity of Black Hawk Generations of Identity in Sauk Portraits. American Quarterly 63. 2 (2011) 301-335. Project MUSE. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

Employee Mentoring Essay

Jankowicz (2005) mentions, that methodology is the affect or advance to undertake a look into or analyse. previous to follow a methodology, it is essential to understand the research philosophy, which according to Grinnell (1993 cited Kumar, 1999, p. 6) research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to crystallize riddles and creates new knowledge that is generally applicable. When researching it could be apply to either situation, either for professional or personal occasion.In this case, the main purpose of doing research is to develop an investigation most real situations that may join on or change the knowledge of a particular management problem (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). at that placefore, the diverse research methods will be discussed in this chapter, which among early(a) strategies it involves appealingness and analysis of the research data (Blaxter et al, 2001 Collis and Hussey, 2003).Research Philosophy The understanding of philosophical positioning of research is useful in the way that helps research workers to clarify pick designs and methods for a particular investigation and post which are more in all likelihood to work in practice (Ghauri et al, 1995). In this case, research philosophy is about the way the researcher perceives the development of the knowledge and the way the information grassnister be acquire through different processes, besides it provides an ideology to utter out the research (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al, 2003 Bryman, 2004).Therefore, there are two main views associate to research philosophies positivism and phenomenological, which is also kn admit as interpretivism progression (Denscombe, 2002 Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al, 2003 Jankowicz, 2005). Saunders et al. (2003) visor out that the phenomenological burn up proposes the discovery of subjective meanings in for example serviceman behavior in order to understand and give interpretations to t heir actions and reactions to particular situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. , 2003).Nevertheless, it is classical to have in mind that one is not a best philosophy than the another(prenominal). The philosophy sees on the research question that the researcher is want to answer (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 85). From the above mentioned, the research philosophy of this study is based on the develop of skills and knowledge without aiming to generalized and want for the truth, but to centralize on understanding of human behavior based on the descriptions and experiences of people in particular proposition situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. 2003 Jankowicz, 2005).Hence, this research will take an interpretivism philosophy, because the study is related with employee mentoring and attitudes towards line of descent satisfaction and organizational commitment. The role of cordial learning processes and characteristics of a hot mentor may have a great in fluence on the above mentioned attitudes of employees, which is based on different meanings and interpretations that individuals could have on their own experiences. In addition, Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 7) said it is an approach which assumes that the social world is constantly changing, and the researcher and the research itself are part of this change.Not only the social world is changing, but also the global business environment is and utilize an interpretivism approach provides flexibility to confront those changes. Whereas the positivistic approach is characterized by seeking law-like results that can be generalized and there is an objective truth that come through in the world and can be revealed through the scientific method, where the focus is on measuring kinds, systematically and statistically, between variables.Research Approach fit to Saunders et al (2003), a research is conducted to analyze breathing theories, or to urinate new theories as a result of recent f indings. This will depend on whether the approach is deductive or inductive. A deductive approach is where the researcher develops a theory which will be tested, whereas an inductive approach is where the theory will be developed from the analysis of the data that is overtaking to be collect.The nature of this research is not to find a specific theory but an explanation of an existing situation, for example, in todays global business environment. Therefore, this research will place the inductive approach which is closely related with the interpretivism philosophy imputable to its characteristic of not assuming results that are inferred from general conjectures, but developing an explanation from the data collected where general conjectures are induced from specific cases (Jankowikz, 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. , 2003).Research Purpose An great part of a research and mainly seeing it from the perspective of its objectives, is to distinguish the purpose of it , which according to some authors can be classified as exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and predictive (Kumar, 1999 Saunders et al. , 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003). Whereas, the exploratory study is carried out to explore areas, identify variable and look for hypothesis instead of confirming hypothesis, the predictive study forecasts the result of an event and anticipate the outcomes of that event which is under study.On the other hand, an explanatory (analytical) study focuses on studying a situation or a problem in order to discover and measure the relationship between variables, while a descriptive study identifies, describes and provides information of a particular issue (Kumar, 1999 Saunders et al. , 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003). Therefore, the purpose of this research, taking into account its objectives is exploratory due to the fact that it tries to examine the impact of employee mentoring on their attitudes towards job satisfaction and organizational commitment.The rol e of social learning processes is also very important in the relationship between mentoring and job attitudes. The qualities of a mentor also campaign a great role in this relationship. Hence, it would lead to find strategic recommendations for the organization involve in this investigation. Data Collection To answer the research question and achieve the objectives of the research there is the need to collect data, (Saunders et al. , 2000). There are two main data resources, secondary and primary data. alternate data is the one that already exists from previous investigations and it can be tack together in books, journals and films (Saunders at al, 2003). Primary data is the one that is recollected from the research and it can be obtained by using methods such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group, and other (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Saunders et al. (2003) points out that literature review helps to develop an understanding and insight into pertinent previous research.Collis and Hussey (2003), add to Saunderss point of view saying that exploring the existing literature will help to have a better overview on previous research that has been conducted and its impact on the studied research problem. In addition, Saunders et al (2003) classify the secondary data into three types documentary, survey-based and multi-source. For this investigation, it will be useful the documentary secondary data because written documents such as articles taken from the Internet, journals, books among others, could be relevant information to be used.

Mirror: Sylvia Plath Essay

Sylvia Plath is the author of the verse form reflect, scripted in the early 1960s. Plath had a history of severe depression due to her bewilders death when she was a child and her failed attempts of suicide passim her life. more of her poetrys reflect her emotions, whether they argon sad, angry or depressing, and reverberate is one of those poems. mirror deals with the topic of a womans self-importance-consciousness and her vanity in a way that is peculiar, soon enough precise effective to the reviewer. Part of the unusual aspect of this poem is that the entire piece is written from the location of the reflect.This is besides one example of the incarnation used in Mirror. other example is The eye of a little god which contains the womans vanity in the way that it is or so a self-worshipping and the fact that the reverberate is a very powerful item. This one line depicts the womans view of what the mirror is to her and her doubling. The mirror is given umpteen dis similar actions through protrude the poem. For example, I meditate on the opposite wall and I micturate looked at it so long both describe the mirror execute very human actions and this gives the mirror a nature.The impact on the commentator is one of interest and curiosity and this continues throughout Mirror when the pedestal of personification is explored even further. The mirror is claimed to be exact and truthful in this piece. at that place is a word in almost every line that continues this theme until the reviewer gets to line 14 She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands. there are a few interesting techniques used in this to suck the reader question the truthfulness of the mirror. For example it is an oxymoron as tears are comm single regarded as a bad thing and to be rewarded is usually something good.Just those five words make the reader think that the mirror could potentially have emotions, and a dark side. The impact on the reader at this point is gre at as the mirrors personality is not only one of cruelty but it had been lying and aspect it was fair. The words I am are repeated several multiplication in the poem and is another example of personification as the mirror is not a being yet it is still calling itself I. This shows that the mirror is very important and thinks highly of itself, yet further inveterate the personification.A woman appears in this poem and is similar to Narcissus, who stared at his reflectiveness in a river and didnt dare touch the water or go away in fear of losing his image. He eventually died of passion due to his own vanity. The woman clearly treasures the mirror and the mirror knows this I am important to her and she is said to repeatedly use the mirror many metres a mean solar day for quite a while, as shown by the references to a great passing of time in she comes and goes and day by and bywards day.Plath uses this form of repetition very well in describing a passing of time and making it s eem as if no time had passed at all for the reader which leaves an impact. The woman isnt mentioned until the middle of Mirror, when the mirror personifies itself as a lake and that the woman was bent over it, which is yet another link to the Narcissus myth. Shortly thereafter, the poem describes the candles and the moon as liars as they only shed a little light upon her features and dont show every little detail as the mirror does.When the woman observes her own reflection in the mirror she was very distraught and started squall which shows the reader that she didnt like the way that she looked and went back every day to try and discover what she genuinely was on the inside. However, the line that has the largest impact on the reader are the very last lines of the poem In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. These lines especially the final one make the reader shocked and horrified at the womans horrible self image.For someone to think of themselves as a terrible fish is almost unimaginable yet the woman feels so strongly about this image that she is openly admitting that she looks like one. Additionally, these two lines continue on with the original themes of the poem to counteract that phrase. In me she has drowned is an extended metaphor of the lake commentary and day after day continues the theme of time passing by quickly. As previously explored, Plath has used many powerful poetic techniques to have a huge impact on the reader.Although it is a short poem only 18 lines it perfectly outlines the themes of vanity and superficiality and the pain this can cause a person. The unusual narrator in this poem gives the reader an entirely different viewpoint on vanity what it actually looks like from an unbiased source. The poem outlines many aspects of vanity and all of its cruel components that makes the reader contemplate what it really means to be vain. An obvious effective tech nique used was personification of the mirror and the candles and the moon.This gives the reader a sensation that an animate object is narrating when it is only a mirror something so simple and ordinary that it completely changes the perspective of the poem. To conclude, Mirror is a very powerful piece of literature that was written with great expertise. Plath successfully used many poetic techniques and utilised them effectively. both the style in which it was written and the narrator deal with the topic of self-image very well and gives the reader a great impact.Secondly, the use of the surprising wording in the poem had a great effect. The word fish at the end is completely different to the rest of the poem which makes it stand out greatly. The reader doesnt expect such a vulgar description of the woman and that impact is also huge. Finally, the message portrayed in Mirror was delivered very well. It says that we should look beyond the superficial and value what we are on the ins ide, something that Plath had struggled with over her life.